Table of Contents: An introduction to photonics and laser physics with applications

An introduction to photonics and laser physics with applications [E-Book] / Prem B. Bisht.

Lasers are ubiquitous--from deep space communication to lab on the chip to supermarket product scanning. Although they form an integral part of optics and photonics and are extensively used in research areas of science and technology to create multibillion dollar industries, the progress in severely...

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Personal Name(s):	Bisht, Prem B., author
Imprint:	Bristol: IOP Publishing, 2022
Physical Description:	1 online resource (various pagings)
Note:	englisch
ISBN:	9780750352260 9780750352352
DOI:	10.1088/978-0-7503-5226-0
Series Title:	IOP series in advances in optics, photonics and optoelectronics
Subject (LOC):	Photonics -- Industrial applications. Lasers -- Industrial applications.

part I. Basics of photonics and lasers. 1. The photon and photonics
1.1. The photon
1.2. Branches of photonics
1.3. Maxwell's equations and their connection to optics
1.4. A few topics related to lasers and optics
1.5. Comparison of an electronic circuit and a photonic circuit
1.6. Nobel prizes related to lasers
2. Light-matter interaction and the essentials of spectroscopy
2.1. Light sources and types of spectra
2.2. Laser : a tool covering the EM spectrum
2.3. Photoelectric effect
2.4. Rutherford's experiment
2.5. Bohr's atomic model : atomic energy levels
2.6. Franck-Hertz experiment
2.7. Stern-Gerlach experiment : spin quantization
2.8. Compton effect
2.9. Quantum mechanical picture of matter
2.10. Raman spectroscopy
3. Polarization of light
3.1. EM waves and linearly polarized light
3.2. Types of polarization
3.3. Jones vector representation of polarization
3.4. Methods of generating polarized light
3.5. Change of state of polarization
3.6. Quarter-wave and half-wave plates
3.7. Polarized light in nature
4. Spontaneous and stimulated emission
4.1. Thermal radiation and Planck's law
4.2. Boltzmann statistics
4.3. Planck's law of radiation
4.4. Einstein's A and B coefficients
5. The Beer-Lambert law and the gain coefficient
5.1. The Beer-Lambert law
5.2. Absorption coefficient
5.3. Gain media
5.4. Gain coefficient
5.5. Round-trip gain
5.6. Gain saturation
5.7. Applications of the Beer-Lambert law
6. Population inversion with moderate pumping
6.1. Population inversion schemes
6.2. Rate equation analysis for a four-level system and a multilevel system
6.3. Typical laser systems
7. Pumping mechanisms and types of optical cavity
7.1. Pumping via electrical excitation
7.2. Optical pumping
7.3. Thermal and gas-dynamic pumping
7.4. Chemical pumping
7.5. Nuclear pumping
7.6. Pump-cavity geometries
8. Line-broadening mechanisms
8.1. The small-gain coefficient in practice
8.2. Spectral resolving power
8.3. Line broadening in He-Ne lasers
8.4. Harmonic oscillator
8.5. Broadening mechanisms
8.6. Correction of the small-gain coefficient
8.7. Voigt profile
8.8. The effect of amorphous or crystalline hosts
8.9. Hole burning and the Lamb dip
9. The Fabry-Pérot resonator
9.1. Modes in a two-dimensional cavity
9.2. Resonant cavity : the Fabry-Pérot resonator
9.3. FP etalon
9.4. Fresnel number
9.5. Mode pulling
10. Basic properties of lasers : directionality, brightness, and coherence
10.1. Directionality of a laser beam
10.2. Brightness of a light source
10.3. Monochromaticity
10.4. Coherence
11. ABCD matrices and stability diagrams
11.1. Geometrical optics and ABCD matrices
11.2. Round trip in a cavity
11.3. Cavity with several round trips
11.4. Nearly stable or marginally stable resonators
11.5. Stable resonators
11.6. Unstable resonators
12. Stability conditions according to Gaussian beam analysis
12.1. Cavity mirrors as diffracting elements
12.2. Laser light : a plane or spherical wave?
12.3. Kirchhoff's diffraction
12.4. Directional properties of laser light
12.5. Stability condition and Gaussian wave analysis
12.6. TEM modes
part II. Pulsed lasers and nonlinear optical applications. 13. Laser spiking and Q-switching
13.1. Pulsed light sources
13.2. The spiking phenomenon
13.3. The Q-switching phenomenon
14. Introduction to nonlinear optical phenomena
14.1. Review of linear dielectrics
14.2. Wave equation in nonlinear optics
14.3. Units and estimates of susceptibilities
14.4. Characteristics of second-order susceptibility
14.5. Virtual levels
14.6. Linear and nonlinear optics
15. Second-order susceptibility, phase matching, and applications
15.1. Sum- and difference-frequency generation
15.2. Signal and idler photons
15.3. Properties of, and contracted notation for, [chi](2)
15.4. Conditions for refractive-index matching
15.5. Parametric oscillation and amplification
15.6. Superfluorescence
15.7. Generation of polarization-entangled photons
16. Third-order nonlinear optical processes
16.1. Parametric and nonparametric processes
16.2. Third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility
16.3. Symmetry properties of the susceptibility tensor
16.4. Four-wave mixing due to [chi](3)
16.5. Third-harmonic generation
16.6. Optical Kerr effect
16.7. Optical phase conjugation
16.8. Stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering
16.9. Four-photon parametric generation
16.10. Cross-phase modulation
16.11. Self-steepening
16.12. Saturable absorption
16.13. Photonic circuit based on the SA effect
17. Mode locking
17.1. The requirement for short-duration optical pulses
17.2. Mode locking of lasers
17.3. Methods of mode locking
17.4. Shortening of pulse length
17.5. Spectra of mode-locked laser pulses
18. Characterization of ultrafast laser pulses
18.1. Introduction
18.2. Autocorrelators
18.3. Frequency-resolved optical gating
18.4. Spectral phase interferometry
18.5. Frequency up- and downconversion
18.6. Dispersion of ultrafast laser pulses
18.7. Dispersion compensation
18.8. Dispersion-free autocorrelator
18.9. Chirped pulse amplification
19. Optical phase conjugation
19.1. Two-beam interference and Bragg diffraction
19.2. Four-wave mixing : phase conjugation
19.3. Time-reversal in phase conjugation
19.4. Applications of phase conjugation
20. Multiphoton absorption
20.1. Higher photon absorption processes
20.2. Units of absorption cross-sections
20.3. Selection rules
20.4. Reverse saturable absorption
20.5. Estimating the number of photons
20.6. Second-harmonic or multiphoton emission?
21. White-light continuum generation
21.1. Spatial self-phase modulation
21.2. White-light continuum generation
21.3. Phenomena responsible for WLC generation
21.4. Spectrum of the WLC in a water-D2O mixture
21.5. Supercontinuum with photonic crystal fiber
21.6. Filamentation and conical emission
21.7. Dark-core beam generation
22. Semiconductor lasers
22.1. Semiconductors
22.2. Bandgaps in semiconductors
22.3. Excitons
22.4. Fermi level
22.5. Direct and indirect bandgaps
22.6. Density of states
22.7. p-type and n-type semiconductors
22.8. The p-n junction and electrical excitation
22.9. Semiconductor heterostructures
22.10. Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers
22.11. Quantum cascade laser : a unipolar device
23. Fiber lasers
23.1. Fiber laser technology
23.2. Gain media for fiber lasers
23.3. Chromatic dispersion and nonlinear effects
23.4. Optical nonlinearity
23.5. Fiber amplifiers and lasers
23.6. Figure-of-eight laser
23.7. High-power fiber lasers
23.8. Raman fiber laser
23.9. Optical fiber communication
24. Coherent radiation obtained using special geometries
24.1. Mirrorless laser cavities
24.2. Coherent radiation based on acceleration of charge
24.3. Present and future outlook
Appendix A. Suggested further reading
Appendix B. Luminescence
Appendix C. Physical constants.