This title appears in the Scientific Report :
2014
Please use the identifier:
http://hdl.handle.net/2128/8160 in citations.
Mobile Messungen - Messung und Bewertung von Verkehrsemissionen
Mobile Messungen - Messung und Bewertung von Verkehrsemissionen
In the assessment of air quality in urban areas, emissions from road transport remain as a key factor. Limits for particulate matter (PM10) were introduced in Europe and measures to meet those values were taken (low emission zones). Since 2010, limits were also introduced for NO$_{2}$, which are cur...
| Personal Name(s): | Ehlers, Christian (Corresponding Author) |
|---|---|
| Contributing Institute: |
Troposphäre; IEK-8 |
| Published in: | 2014 |
| Imprint: |
Jülich
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag
2014
|
| Physical Description: |
VII, 137 S. |
| Dissertation Note: |
Universität Köln, Diss., 2013 |
| ISBN: |
978-3-89336-989-8 |
| Document Type: |
Dissertation / PhD Thesis |
| Research Program: |
Trace gas and aerosol processes in the troposphere |
| Series Title: |
Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie & Umwelt / Energy & Environment
229 |
| Subject (ZB): | |
| Link: |
OpenAccess Restricted Restricted |
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| 520 | |a In the assessment of air quality in urban areas, emissions from road transport remain as a key factor. Limits for particulate matter (PM10) were introduced in Europe and measures to meet those values were taken (low emission zones). Since 2010, limits were also introduced for NO$_{2}$, which are currently often exceeded significantly. From 2015 increased penalties will be introduced in this field and effective emission reduction measures become inevitable. Mobile measurements are a useful tool to assess the impact of appropriate mitigation measures. The MOBILAB represents a versatile platform for mobile measurements. The basic concept has been developed in a previous work [Urban, 2010]. In this study, the instrumentation was significantly extended. The particle measurement technology now consists of a PM10 filter sample collector for discontinuous particle analysis in the laboratory, a high temporal resolution particle counter and an ELPI for particle size‐resolved measurement of 7 nm to 10 microns. The gas phase measurement technique includes equipment for high time resolution measurements of NO, NO$_{2}$, O$_{3}$, CO, CO$_{2}$, CH$_{4}$, and a collection system for the discontinuous sampling of canisters for specific VOC analysis in the laboratory. The reliability and maximum duration of daily measurements was significantly improved. The MOBILAB was used for measuring a wide area of concentrations ranging from lightly loaded background areas to urban "hotspots". As a part of the PEGASOS campaign, comprehensive measurements were carried out in rural background areas in the Rotterdam region in May 2012 where the MOBILAB served as a mobile ground station. It was shown that the altitude profiles measured aboard the Zeppelin could be linked to the ground‐based MOBILAB measurements, when the various layers of the atmosphere during the breakup of the morning inversion layer were examined. Furthermore, the MOBILAB measurements in the Netherlands were used for evaluation of EURAD model predictions, which were created as part of the PEGASOS campaign. For CO it could be shown that the model results were in good agreement with the MOBILAB‐measurements. In contrast, larger underestimations (up to a factor of five) were found for the nitrogen‐oxides. Moreover, the particle size distribution was studied in rural areas and compared with measurements from urban areas in Düsseldorf and Bonn. It could be shown that emissions from diesel engines are the primary source of particle emission in urban areas. In rural areas this was not the case. In the course of measurements in urban road tunnels in Düsseldorf and Bonn, the emission profile of the current vehicle fleet was studied under real conditions. It was shown that the VOC emissions can be attributed almost exclusively to gasoline‐powered cars. In case of the nitrogen‐oxide emissions, diesel cars were identified as the main source of emissions. It was shown, that the changes in the VOC‐emission‐patterns which were observed in the tunnel resulted in a decrease of ozone production and thus in a reduced trace gas degradation. As a further possibility to reduce emissions, the reduction potential of alternative fuels based on water‐in‐diesel‐microemulsions was investigated. In earlier experiments with optimized engines in an engine laboratory, the use of water‐in‐diesel emulsions or microemulsions showed a significant reduction of nitrogen‐oxide and particulate emissions. Within this work it was investigated, to what extent these reductions can be realized for a standard car under realistic experimental conditions on a chassis‐dynamometer. With respect to the nitrogen oxides, no significant improvements could be [...] | ||
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