Extraction of Natural Products Using Near-Critical Solvents [E-Book] / edited by M. B. King, T. R. Bott.
The aim of this book is to present the current state of the art of extracting natural products with near-critical solvents and to view the possibilities of further extensions of the technique. Relevant background theory is given but does not dominate the book. Carbon dioxide is the near-critical sol...
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Full text |
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Personal Name(s): | Bott, T. R., editor |
King, M. B., editor | |
Imprint: |
Dordrecht :
Springer Netherlands,
1993
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Physical Description: |
XI, 325 p. online resource. |
Note: |
englisch |
ISBN: |
9789401121385 |
DOI: |
10.1007/978-94-011-2138-5 |
Subject (LOC): |
- 1 Introduction
- 1.1 Compressed and liquefied gases as solvents: the commercial applications
- 1.2 The scope of the book
- 1.3 Range of solvent conditions regarded as ‘near-critical’
- 1.4 Range of available solvents
- 1.5 Range of components present in natural products: typical phase behaviour with near-critical carbon dioxide and similar near-critical solvents
- 1.6 Role of solvent density
- 1.7 Possible and actual process layouts
- 1.8 Advantages in use of near-critical solvents: future prospects
- Appendix: Some historical notes
- References
- 2 Food legislation and the scope for increased use of near-critical fluid extraction operations in the food, flavouring and pharmaceutical industries
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Solvent extraction of foodstuffs and flavourings: legal restrictions on solvents used and residual solvent levels
- 2.3 Widening the choice of extraction solvent: compressed and liquefied gases as solvents: economic and other problems in their use
- 2.4 Use of carbon dioxide for dense gas extractions: ‘rule of thumb’ solubility rules
- 2.5 Actual and proposed applications of extractions using dense CO2: tabular review of the literature
- References
- 3 Other uses for near-critical solvents: chemical reaction and recrystallisation in near-critical solvents
- 3.1 Chemical reaction in near-critical solvents
- 3.2 Recrystallisation in near-critical solvents
- References
- 4 Commercial scale extraction of alpha acids and hop oils with compressed CO2
- 4.1 Introduction, composition and brewing value of hops
- 4.2 Convenience of hop extracts
- 4.3 Advantages of compressed CO2 over conventional organic solvents for the extraction of hops: extraction plant using this solvent
- 4.4 Conclusions
- References
- 5 Commercial scale decaffeination of coffee and tea using supercritical CO2
- 5.1 Introduction: the extent of coffee and tea production worldwide and the need for decaffeination
- 5.2 Present-day demand for decaffeinated products and trends in the market
- 5.3 Brief description of the currently used processes for decaffeination and their history
- 5.4 Decaffeination with compressed CO2
- 5.5 The patent literature for decaffeination processes
- 5.6 Comparison of economic aspects of the CO2-based and ethylacetate-based decaffeination processes
- 5.7 Technical aspects of plant design
- 5.8 Conclusions
- References
- 6 Extraction of flavours and fragrances with compressed CO2
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 The properties of CO2 as an extraction solvent
- 6.3 The raw materials
- 6.4 Equipment
- 6.5 Commercial use of CO2 extracts since 1982
- 6.6 Conclusions
- Appendix: CO2-extracted flavour and fragrance ingredients
- References
- 7 Physico-chemical data required for the design of near-critical fluid extraction process
- 7.1 The need for physico-chemical data
- 7.2 Phase equilibria
- 7.3 Mass transfer rate parameters
- Appendix: The fluid mass balance equations
- References
- 8 Design and operation of the pressure vessels used in near-critical extraction processes
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Classification of pressure vessels
- 8.3 Vessel design
- 8.4 Operation of the pressure vessels in a near-critical extraction plant
- 8.5 Design and development of equipment for the continuous extraction of solids
- References
- 9 Pumps and compressors for supercritical extraction
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Process requirements
- 9.3 Pumps for liquids
- 9.4 Compressors for gas recovery
- References
- 10 Estimation of separation cost
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Energy and economic assessment of near-critical extraction processes
- 10.3 Extraction with a marginally subcritical solvent
- 10.4 Extraction with supercritical solvent
- 10.5 Energy and other costs in some typical cases
- 10.6 Example of preliminary costing
- References.