This title appears in the Scientific Report :
2014
Please use the identifier:
http://hdl.handle.net/2128/9002 in citations.
Untersuchungen zur Abtrennung, Konversion und Transmutation von langlebigen Radionukliden -Ein Beitrag zur fortschrittlichen Entsorgung von hochradioaktiven Abfällen
Untersuchungen zur Abtrennung, Konversion und Transmutation von langlebigen Radionukliden -Ein Beitrag zur fortschrittlichen Entsorgung von hochradioaktiven Abfällen
The future role and acceptance of nuclear energy will be decisively determined by the safe operation of existing and future facilities and by convincing solutions for nuclear waste management. With respect to the long half-lives of some radionuclides (actinides and fission products) and the related...
Saved in:
Personal Name(s): | Modolo, Giuseppe (Corresponding Author) |
---|---|
Contributing Institute: |
Nukleare Entsorgung; IEK-6 |
Published in: | 2014 |
Imprint: |
Jülich
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag
2014
|
Physical Description: |
291 S. |
Dissertation Note: |
RWTH Aachen, Habil., 2014 |
ISBN: |
978-3-95806-005-0 |
Document Type: |
Habil / Postdoctoral Thesis (Non-german Habil) Book |
Research Program: |
Safety Research for Nuclear Waste Disposal |
Series Title: |
Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie & Umwelt / Energy & Environment
235 |
Subject (ZB): | |
Link: |
OpenAccess |
Publikationsportal JuSER |
The future role and acceptance of nuclear energy will be decisively determined by the safe operation of existing and future facilities and by convincing solutions for nuclear waste management. With respect to the long half-lives of some radionuclides (actinides and fission products) and the related question as to whether the release of radionuclides from a repository can be prevented over very long periods of time, alternatives to the direct disposal of spent nuclear fuels are discussed internationally. As a potential complementary solution, the technological option with partitioning and transmutation (P&T) is considered. This method separates and converts the long-lived radionuclides into stable, short-lived nuclides via neutron reactions in dedicated facilities. Against this background, the first main chapter of the present work looks at the chemical separation of actinides from high-level reprocessing wastes. In order to achieve a better understanding of the processes at the molecular level, basic investigations were also performed on separating actinides(III) via liquid-liquid or liquid-solid extraction. At the same time, reversible processes were developed and tested on the laboratory scale with the aid of mixer-settlers and centrifugal extractors. The subsequent chapter focuses on separating the long-lived fission product iodine-129 from radioactive wastes as well as from process effluents arising from reprocessing. As part of this work, different simple chemical and physical techniques were developed for complete recovery with respect to transmutation or conditioning in host matrices that are sufficiently stable for final storage. Its high mobility and radiological properties make iodine-129 relevant for the long-term safety assessment of final repositories. In addition, transmutation experiments on iodine-127/129 targets were performed using high-energy protons (145–2600 MeV). Due to the expected low cross sections (<100 mb), transmutation with protons via spallation is today regarded as more of a special method for direct transmutation. The primary aim of this study was therefore to expand the incomplete data set with new experimental reaction cross sections. The last chapter concentrates on the conversion of separated actinides into ceramic materials. Two of the most promising materials investigated in this work are yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and thorium oxide. Ceramic materials are an extremely promising base material both for final storage and for transmutation. This habilitation thesis closes with a conclusion and an outlook for the further development of P&T. |