Subject
Auger electron spectroscopy
1
ESR (electron spin resonance)
1
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
1
Mössbauer spectroscopy
1
NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance)
1
Raman spectroscopy
1
X-ray
1
electron spectroscopy
1
luminescence
1
mass spectroscopy
1
photoelectron spectroscopy
1
scanning electron microscopy
1
secondary ion emission
1